| Romaji |
Japanese |
English |
Notes |
| desu |
です |
to be (ex. is, are, am) |
placed at the end of sentences |
| mo |
も |
too, also, as well as |
placed after noun/verb/adjective |
| de |
で |
at, in, on (action place) |
placed before noun |
| ni/e |
に/へ |
to (goal of movement) |
placed before noun |
| ni |
に |
at, on, in (time ref.) |
placed before noun/time |
| wo |
を |
(direct object maker) |
placed before verbs |
| v -masen ka |
v -ませんか |
won't you? |
placed after verb stem |
| wa |
は |
as for, about (topic) |
placed among nouns/adjctives |
| ga arimasu |
があります |
there is, there are |
placed after noun (things) |
| ga imasu |
がいます |
there is, there are |
placed after noun (people) |
| to |
と |
and (list of nouns) |
placed among nouns |
| v -mashou |
v -ましょう |
let's (future action) |
placed after verb stem |
| v -te kudasai |
v -てください |
please do (request) |
placed after verb stem |
| v -te mo ii desu |
v -てもいいです |
you may (permission) |
placed after verb stem |
| v -te wa ikemasen |
v -てはいけません |
you may not (denial) |
placed after verb stem |
| kara |
から |
because (reason) |
placed after noun/verb/adjective |
| v -te iru |
v -ている |
-ing (progressive action) |
placed after verb stem |
| ni iku |
にいく |
to go do (something) |
placed after verb |
| v -naide kudasai |
v -ないでください |
please do not (request) |
placed after verb stem |
| no ga suki desu |
のがすきです |
I like to do (something) |
placed after verb |
| no ga jouzu desu |
のがじょうずです |
to be good at (action) |
placed after verb |
| no ga heta desu |
のがへたです |
to not be good at |
placed after verb |
| mada v -te imasen |
まだv -ていません |
have not done yet |
placed between 'mada' & v. stem |
| a no hou ga b yori |
a のほうが b より |
a is more (adj.) than b |
placed before adjective |
| x no naka de |
x のなかで |
among (comparison) |
placed after noun |
| ga ichiban |
がいちばん |
the best |
placed after noun |
| tsumori desu |
つもりです |
I intend to |
placed after verb |
| adj. -ku naru |
adj. くなる |
to become |
placed after adjective |
| adj. ni naru |
adj. になる |
to become |
placed after noun |
| v -tai desu |
v -たいです |
I want to |
placed after verb stem |
| v -tari v -tari suru |
v -たり v -たり |
do such things as |
placed before verb stems |
| v -ta koto ga aru |
v -たことがある |
has the experience of |
placed after verb stem |
| a ya b |
a や b |
and (list of examples) |
placed between nouns |
| v -n desu |
v -んです |
because of |
placed after noun/verb/adjective |
| v- sugiru |
すぎる |
doing in excess |
placed after verb stem |
| hou ga ii |
ほうがいい |
it is better to do |
placed after verb |
| node |
ので |
because |
placed bef. situation, after reason |
| v -nakucha ikenai |
v -なくちゃいけない |
must, have to do |
placed after verb stem |
| deshou |
でしょう |
probably |
placed after noun/verb/adjective |
| mae ni |
まえに |
before doing something |
placed after verb |
| v-te kara |
v -てから |
after doing something |
placed after verb stem |
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